FutureAIMinds.com

2. Abstract Class in Java In Java, an abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated (you cannot create objects of it) and is meant to be extended by other classes . It provides a common base for multiple classes, allowing some methods to remain undefined ( abstract methods ) so subclasses can provide their own implementations. An abstract class: Can have abstract methods (methods without a body). Can have non-abstract methods (methods with a body). Can have constructors , fields , and static methods . Can implement interfaces . Must be declared using the keyword abstract . Key Points If a class has at least one abstract method , it must be declared abstract . Abstract methods do not have a body and end with a semicolon. A subclass extending an abstract class must override all abstract methods or be declared abstract itself. Abstract classes can have constructors called when a subclass object is created. Syntax abstract class Clas...

Chapter 8: Inheritance, Polymorphism & Abstraction in Java Chapter 8: Inheritance, Polymorphism & Abstraction in Java Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Principles Java is a pure object-oriented programming language, meaning it is based on the principles of modeling real-world entities as objects. Among the four core pillars of OOP—Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction—this chapter dives deep into three essential concepts: Inheritance Polymorphism Abstraction 1. Inheritance in Java What is Inheritance? Inheritance is the process where one class (child/subclass) acquires the properties and behaviors (methods and variables) of another class (parent/superclass). class Animal { void eat() { System.out.println("This animal eats food."); } } class Dog extends Animal { void bark() { System.out.println("Dog barks."); ...