Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

- July 18, 2025

Chapter 14: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) - Java Programming Guide

Chapter 14: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is a Java API that enables Java programs to interact with relational databases. It provides methods to query and update data in a database using Java.

🔍 What is JDBC?

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. It is a set of Java APIs that allow Java applications to connect and execute queries with databases like MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, etc.

🛠 Features of JDBC

Platform-independent database access
Standard Java API
Supports both procedural and object-oriented access
Connects with multiple types of databases

🧱 JDBC Architecture

The JDBC architecture consists of two layers:

JDBC API – Provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection
JDBC Driver API – Provides the JDBC Manager-to-Driver connection

🔗 JDBC Components

DriverManager – Manages a list of database drivers.
Connection – Interface for a connection to a specific database.
Statement – Used to execute SQL queries.
ResultSet – Represents the result returned from a query.
SQLException – Handles database errors.

🪜 Steps to Connect Java with a Database using JDBC

Load the JDBC Driver
Establish the connection
Create a statement
Execute the query
Process the results
Close the connection

💡 Example: Connect Java to MySQL Database


import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // Load Driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

            // Establish Connection
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(
                "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb", "root", "password");

            // Create Statement
            Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

            // Execute Query
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM students");

            // Process Result
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println(rs.getInt(1) + " " + rs.getString(2));
            }

            // Close Connection
            con.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}

✔️ Best Practices

Always close connections in a finally block
Use PreparedStatement to avoid SQL injection
Use connection pooling for efficiency
Handle exceptions properly

📌 JDBC Driver Types

Type-1: JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
Type-2: Native-API driver
Type-3: Network Protocol driver
Type-4: Thin driver (pure Java driver)

❓ FAQs with Answers

Q1: What is JDBC in Java?

A: JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. It is a Java API used to connect and interact with databases from Java programs.

Q2: How many types of JDBC drivers are there?

A: There are 4 types: Type-1 (JDBC-ODBC Bridge), Type-2 (Native-API), Type-3 (Network Protocol), and Type-4 (Thin Driver).

Q3: What is the difference between Statement and PreparedStatement?

A: Statement is used for static SQL queries, while PreparedStatement is used for dynamic and parameterized queries and provides protection from SQL injection.

Q4: Which JDBC driver is best for MySQL?

A: The Type-4 Thin driver (`com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver`) is most commonly used for connecting Java applications to MySQL.

Q5: How to handle exceptions in JDBC?

A: Use try-catch blocks to handle SQLExceptions, and always ensure the connection is closed in a `finally` block to prevent memory leaks.

🏁 Conclusion

JDBC is a powerful API that enables Java developers to connect and manipulate relational databases. Understanding JDBC is essential for developing enterprise-level Java applications.

Labels: Java Programming, JDBC, Java with Database, JDBC Tutorial, Java Chapter 14

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